The RMAN documentation differentiates between "inconsistent" and "consistent" backups on the basis of whether the database is OPEN or not (respectively) during the Backup.
The nomenclature "inconsistent backup" makes me nervous. Why not call it the good old "HOT" Backup ?
To do a consistent" backup with RMAN, the database must be mounted as RMAN needs to access and update the controlfiles. With an OS scripted backup pre-RMAN, the database was truly "COLD" -- there would be no Oracle processes running.
RMAN does not backup the Online Redo Log files. With an OS scripted backup, you had the option -- you could choose to include these files in your backup if you were careful about how you planned to use Cold Backups for Roll-Forward recoveries with ArchiveLog.
Since RMAN does not backup the Online Redo Log files, you must, perforce, OPEN RESETLOGS on a Restore. With a scripted backup, if you also included your Online Redo Log files in your backup and restore (provided that you did not plan to apply any ArchiveLogs), you could simply STARTUP the database and continue LogSequenceNumbers again. (Of course, you might be duplicating LogSequenceNumbers if the database had been active in ArchiveLog mode since the backup, so you have to be careful to distinguish the two "streams" of ArchiveLogs).
Here below is the simplest "consistent" Backup and Restore using RMAN :
C:\>rman
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu May 8 22:20:17 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target /
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup mount
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 536870912 bytes
Fixed Size 1291652 bytes
Variable Size 297798268 bytes
Database Buffers 234881024 bytes
Redo Buffers 2899968 bytes
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 08-MAY-08
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=58 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=C:\NITISH10G\SYSTEM01.DBF
input datafile fno=00003 name=C:\NITISH10G\SYSAUX01.DBF
input datafile fno=00002 name=F:\NITISH10G\TEST_TBS_01.DBF
input datafile fno=00004 name=C:\NITISH10G\USERS01.DBF
input datafile fno=00005 name=C:\NITISH10G\EXAMPLE01.DBF
input datafile fno=00007 name=C:\NITISH10G\UNDO.DBF
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-MAY-08
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-MAY-08
piece handle=C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\BACKUPSET\2011_05_08\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG200
0508T222041_42631X6C_.BKP tag=TAG20110508T222041 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:47
Finished backup at 08-MAY-08
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-MAY-08
piece handle=C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\AUTOBACKUP\2011_05_08\O1_MF_S_654214767
426358M1_.BKP comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-MAY-08
RMAN>
RMAN> shutdown
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN>
******************* BACKUP COMPLETED *****************
******************************************************
========= database files deleted ====================
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
======================================================
C:\>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu May 8 22:32:07 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 536870912 bytes
Fixed Size 1291652 bytes
Variable Size 301992572 bytes
Database Buffers 230686720 bytes
Redo Buffers 2899968 bytes
RMAN>
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
Starting restore at 08-MAY-08
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=57 devtype=DISK
recovery area destination: \NITISH10G_FLASH
database name (or database unique name) used for search: NITISH10G
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found in the recovery area
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\AUTOBACKUP\2011
_05_08\O1_MF_S_654214767_426358M1_.BKP
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete
output filename=C:\NITISH10G\CONTROL01.CTLa
output filename=C:\NITISH10G\CONTROL02.CTL
output filename=C:\NITISH10G\CONTROL03.CTL
Finished restore at 08-MAY-08
RMAN>
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 08-MAY-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 05/08/2011 22:33:28
ORA-01507: database not mounted
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 08-MAY-08
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 08-MAY-08
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=57 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 45 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 08-MAY-08
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 08-MAY-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 08-MAY-08
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\AUTOBACKUP\2011_05_08\O1_MF_S_654214767_42
6358M1_.BKP
using channel ORA_DISK_1
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file F:\NITISH10G\TEST_TBS_01.DBF
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to C:\NITISH10G\SYSTEM01.DBF
restoring datafile 00003 to C:\NITISH10G\SYSAUX01.DBF
restoring datafile 00004 to C:\NITISH10G\USERS01.DBF
restoring datafile 00005 to C:\NITISH10G\EXAMPLE01.DBF
restoring datafile 00007 to C:\NITISH10G\UNDO.DBF
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\BACKUPS
ET\2011_05_08\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20110508T222041_42631X6C_.BKP
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=C:\NITISH10G_FLASH\NITISH10G\BACKUPSET\2011_05_08\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG2011
0508T222041_42631X6C_.BKP tag=TAG20110508T222041
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
Finished restore at 08-MAY-08
RMAN>
RMAN> alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 05/08/2011 22:36:48
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
RMAN>
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>
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